![]() ![]() Like his friends Julian Huxley and Charles Galton Darwin.\) The English physicist Sir William Henry Bragg (1862-1942) was the founder of the science of crystal-structure determination b… Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley, physics. More spe… X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry An analytical method which can be used to determine the concentration of a wide range of chemical elements, using the… Sir William Henry Bragg, Sir William Henry Bragg X-ray crystallography is a laboratory technique used for the study of the internal structure of crystalline materials. Sir William Lawrence Bragg, Bragg, Sir William Lawrenceīragg was the eldest son of the physicist Sir William Henry Bragg and Lady Gwendoline Bragg,… X-ray Crystallography, X-Ray Crystallography Moseley and the Numbering of the Elements. Berkeley: University of California Press. Moseley: The Life and Letters of an English Physicist, 1887 –1915. See also Bohr, Niels Bragg, William Lawrence Lanthanides Radiation Rutherford, Ernest. Despite the pleadings of his colleagues, he enlisted in the British Army at the outbreak of World War I, and was killed in battle on August 10, 1915. His work, called a "classical example of the scientific method," was the second and last of his independent publications. The results of his study showed a clear and simple progression of the elements that was based on the number of protons in the atomic nucleus, rather than the order based on atomic weights that was then the basis of the Periodic Table. Moseley returned to Oxford, and despite the experimental deficiencies of his laboratories, measured the x-ray spectral lines of nearly all the elements from aluminum to gold. Their work demonstrated that the spectral line of platinum, which they were using as the anticathode in their x-ray tube, was characteristic of that element alone. Darwin, to further study the nature of x rays. Moseley persuaded Rutherford to allow him and a colleague, C. Bragg the same year showed that similar results could be obtained by the reflection of x rays from the face of a crystal. The nature of x rays was also receiving new interest because of the discovery by the German physicist Max von Laue in 1912 that they were diffracted by their passage through crystals and therefore possessed a wave nature. The first coherent theory of the structure of the atom was just then being developed by Rutherford and his research group, which, besides Moseley, included Niels Bohr, Hans Geiger, Kasimir Fajans, and others. It was a time of great excitement and ferment in science, and Rutherford's laboratory was one of the epicenters of discovery in atomic physics. He graduated in 1910 with high honors in mathematics and science, and secured a position in the laboratory of Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester. At that time, Oxford did not have a particularly notable science curriculum, but Moseley chose the school in order to be near his widowed mother. ![]() He entered Trinity College, Oxford, in 1906. He attended Eton on a King's scholarship, where he excelled in mathematics, and was introduced to the study of x rays by his physics teacher. His family was wealthy, aristocratic, and scientifically accomplished, and young Henry showed an early interest in zoology. Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley, who was always called "Harry" by his family, was born in Weymouth, England, on November 23, 1887. ![]() ![]() But in his classic study of the x-ray spectra of elements, he established the truly scientific basis of the Periodic Table by arranging chemical elements in the order of their atomic numbers. Henry Moseley's research career lasted only forty months before tragically ending with his death on a Gallipoli battlefield in World War I. ![]()
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